In New York zoo at the end of an exposition behind the crates of lions and tigers a stone low-built building is located. The strong thick lattice reserves glass showcase. The inscription above it says: "The most dangerous animal in the world!". And when the intrigued visitor cautiously approaches his face to the lattice, he sees... himself: a back wall of a crate is a mirror!
Certainly, it is a joke, but bitter joke, and it contains the deep sense and reproach. Yes, just the man, crowing point of development of an alive matter on the Earth, owner of the Earth, carries not separate animals, but whole species before him. The history of three last centuries knows many such examples. Fauna of the Earth has began to fall into a decline, the processes of evolution have been broken. The new terms were born: instead of "dying out animals
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There are a lot of ecological problems. The most serious ecological problems are: noise from cars and buses; destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty; shortage of natural resources; the growth of population; pollution in its many forms.
Water is everywhere, but there is no ocean or sea which is not used as a dump. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can t live in them. People can't drink this water. So we have to clean the water environment.
Another problem is air pollution. Air pollution influents the health of people. For example: ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radia
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Computers project that between now and the year of 2030 we are going to have increase of the average temperature between 1,5-4,5 Degrees C. Sea levels would rise by several metres, flooding coastal areas and ruining vast tracts of farmland. Huge areas would be infertile and become uninhabitable. Water contamination could lead to shortages of safe drinking water. It looks like the end of civilization on the Earth.
For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth's environment. But at the end of the 20th century, we were at a crucial turning point. We have upset nature's sensitive equilibrium releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish. These are the consequences of the development of civilization. We are
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My native town is Chita. The Chita Region is in the south-east of Siberia, in Zabaikalye. Its territory is about 430000 sq. km. Zabaikalye is far away from the big economic centres of the west of the country, but it’s close to the Russian Far East.
The Region is a mountainous country. There are some plateaus, hills and mountain ranges: the Argynsky and Nerchinsky chains. The ranges Kodar, Udokan and Kalar are also well-known.
Our Region is rich in natural resources: ferrous and non-ferrous metals, precious metals (silver, gold, platinum), clay, construction materials, graphite, magnetic ores, technical and drinking water, copper, zinc, uranium and molybdenum.
Since ancient times Nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction wit
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The earth is our home. We must take care of it for ourselves and for the future generations. The importance of this task is great as scientists who study the relation of man to nature say. These scientists are called "ecologists", from the Greek word "oikos", which means home.
Ecologists are trying to keep the land, air and water clean. Why must we keep our earth clean? We have only a certain amount of fresh water and clean air and we must take care of it. If we don’t stop air and water pollution, trees and flowers won’t grow, fish will die in dirty water. We will have to breathe dirty air.
Of course, people are working to make the earth cleaner, but they must do more. What can people do to make earth cleaner? Factories must stop polluting air, river
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Many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment because industry was not much developed. Now the situation is quite different.
People all over the world cannot ignore the problem of the protection of the environment because of modem industry and the need for energy.
Newspapers and magazines write a lot about water pollution, air pollution and land pollution. There are some laws and decisions on this important question. There are state organisations and international conventions which pay much attention to this problem.
Many parts of the world are crowded now, much of our waste, especially waste from factories, electric power stations, the chemical industry an
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"Global warming" has been introduced by the scientific community and the media as the term that encompasses all potential changes in climate that result from higher average global temperatures. Hundreds of scientists from many different countries are working to understand global warming and have come to a consensus on several important aspects. In general, Global warming will produce far more profound climatic changes than simply a rise in global temperature.
An analysis of temperature records shows that the Earth has warmed an average of 0.5°C over the past 100 years. This is consistent with predictions of global warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect and increased aerosols. Part of the current global warmth is associated with the tropical El Nino, without which a record global temperature would probably not have occurred.
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People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents, in different countries. People depend on their planet, on the sun, on animals and plants around them. People must take care of Earth.
Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make furniture. They forget that people can’t leave without trees and plants, because they fill air with oxygen. And, of course, great problems are population and animals destruction.
The main reason of pollution is rubbish. Most our rubbish go to big holes in the ground, called ‘dumps’. But dumps are very dangerous for our life ‘cause they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. Another way to get rid of ru
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Planet Earth is 4600 million years old. It is difficult for us to think about such an enormous length of time, but if we simplify it into an understandable idea, we can compare the planet Earth to a person of forty-six years of age.
Nothing is known about the first seven years of this person's life; and very little information exists about the middle period; we know that it was only at the age of forty-two that Earth began to flower. Dinosaurs and great reptiles did not appear until one year ago, when the planet was forty five. In the middle of last week men-like apes became ape-like men. Modern Man has been around for four hours. The Industrial Revolution began just a minute ago. During those sixty seconds of biological time, Modern Man has made a rubbish tip of Earth. He has increased his numbers to terrible proportions, has ca
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People always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. With the development of crowded industrial cities, which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important.
Today our planet is in serious danger. Acid rains, global warming, air and water pollution, and overpopulation are the problems that threaten human life on Earth. Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down or burnt. If this trend continues one day we won't have enough oxygen to breathe.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the bri
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Environmental protection is one of the most urgent problems in the life of the whole mankind. Civilization brings about a great ecological damage. Life of people turned out to be the struggle for survival in the polluted environment. The worldwide measures must be taken to avert the danger of ecological catastrophe.
All the vital natural resources such as air, water and soil are being polluted daily by the harmful substances released into the atmosphere by industries. The air necessary for breathing is filled with smog, the exhaust fume, soot and dirt. Preservation of forests is absolutely necessary for purity of air.
Look at the busiest city streets in rush hours. Frequent traffic jams, noise of thousands cars harmfully affects the citizens of big c
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With the development of civilization man's interference in nature grows up. It leads to different negative factors are: the pollution of water, air, soil and the destruction of the ozone layer. This problem must be solved if we want to preserve life on our planet.
This problem is global problem that's why all countries of the world, all people, young and old, must take an active part in the protection of natural resources rationly. Factoriyes and plants must have purification systems to preserve the purity of water, air and soil. We must take care of plants, trees, animals, birds and fishes, especially of those that are dying out. We also have a Red Book where rare and dying out plants, birds, animals are registered.
Since ancient times people have been trying to produce more and more to increase human wealth. Nobody noticed that we were destroying Nature by using it as the source of raw materials, and as the garbage can for our waste. Nature seemed to be boundless and endless... Far from it as it turned out. Millions of cars and smoky factories pollute and spoil the air we breathe in. Pollution is hanging over big cities like an ugly brown cloud. It is hurting our lungs as well as the life of animals, birds and plants.
People need wood and paper, so we cut down our forests. We don't know what to do with waste materials of o
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The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be coused by the greenhouse effect.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. Th
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Environmental problems have become exceptionally acute in the country. For a long time too little attention was paid to the environment. In effort to meet production goals the ministries stinted on measures to protect the environment from industrial pollution. As a result, about half of the water sources in the country are polluted with industrial or communal waste.
In more than a hundred towns and cities with populations of some fifty million, the concentration of harmful substances in the air is over ten times the admissible level. For dozens of years the national economy focussed on large projects, including giant projects in what was called the transformation of nature. Blunders were committed that caused environmental disasters. Of the acute problems causing public concern the environment safety of nuclear and hydraulic powe
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All the nations have the same basic environmental problems. In fact the problem of environment crisis has assumed a global proportions. That is why many ecological problems can generally be solved only at the world community level.
As nations we all share a single ecological space. Acid rains, for example, have no boundaries. Nuclear radiation does not respect administrative or national regions. All the nations must assume a position as responsible members of the world community level, cooperating in matters of environmental protection.
It’s important that we all work together to share, to overcome ecological disasters. Both scientists and politicians agree that if some radical steps are not taken, life on our planet may be damaged if not destroyed a
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The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be coused by the greenhouse effect.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. Th
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The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, their environment is the countryside.
Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environment problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are: pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution), noise from cars, buses, planes, etc., destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty, shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel), the growth of population.
There is no ocean or sea, which is not used as a dump. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. This poisons and kills fish and sea animals. "Nuclear-poisoned" fish can be eaten by pe
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Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The byproducts of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the ahmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare speci
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People have lived on our planet for many years. They lived and live on different continents, in different countries. People depend on their planet, on the sun, on animals and plants around them. People must take care of Earth.
Our ecology becomes worse and worse with every new day. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays. People destruct wildlife, cut down trees to make furniture. They forget that people can’t live without trees and plants, because they fill air with oxygen. And, of course, great problems are population and animals destruction.
The main reason of pollution is rubbish. Most of our rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called ‘dumps’. But dumps are very dangerous for our life ‘cause they are full of rats, which c
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It is necessary to learn foreign languages. That's why pupils have got such subject as a foreign language at school. Everybody knows his own language, but it is useful to know foreign languages.
I learn English, because I understand that I can use it. For example, if I do to England I'll be able to speak English too. English is used not only in England, but also in other countries. I learn English because I want to read foreign literature in the original. I know and like such English and American writers as Charles Dickens, Mark Twain and others. I understand that I must learn English. If I know English well, I'll be able to go to the library and take books by English and American writers in the original.
I like to travel. But it is difficult to visi
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Some time ago some newspaper reporter called the modem Earth "a world village". It really means that year by year the earth is getting smaller with the development of communication and increase in international trade. People of different countries and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other. So, it is very useful to learn foreign languages.
"Knowledge is power", one of the great men said. Speaking a foreign language you can not only read the papers, magazines and original books by great writers, but as well watch satellite TV programs, travel in the different parts of the world. Besides, understanding and speaking a foreign language or two became necessary while looking for a good job.
Of course we get education at school. The activities of the school day afford different chances for pupil's self-perfection. They provide many opportunities for deeper study and developing our talents. But school lays only the base, the foundation of our education. Here we get only necessary knowledge and after graduating the school we can continue studying in the universities, institutes or somewhere else.
Not only school makes us educated persons. Reading books and press is also very important. It enriches our outlook, broadens the boundaries of our intellect, offers the opportunities to read the latest news and political discussions. TV also gives us wonderful and effective possibilities for education. Due to mass media we become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs and discussions. It is the principal r
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It is known that people have been learning foreign languages for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians learned the Greek language 2.5 thousand years ago. In the 12-th century the French language was learnt in many countries of Europe. In the 16-th century Europe begin to study the German language. In the 19-th century the nobility of different countries communicated in French again. Throughout the history of the mankind people needed some second language to understand each other.
Nowadays, the English language is the most widespread in the world. Approximately 400 million people speak English as a mother tongue. The English language has become a world language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. It is the language of computer technology. Half of the world scientific journals are in English.
The US educational system is very decentralized and schools vary greatly from state to state. There are three levels of subsidizing of education: federal, state and local. They subsidize 3-5 per cent on a federal level, around 20 per cent on a state level and 70-80 per cent on a local level.
There are 15,000 school districts which are different in size. A school district is governed by the Board of Education/School Board/School Council which is elected every two years by the residents of the school district. Members of school boards perform their responsibilities on a volunteer basis, that means they do not get any salaries. They are to define the policies for the administration of the school district. Teachers, in turn, decide about the program and approaches of teaching. Every resident pays a school tax to the school district h
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No doubt that school is our second home. We spend a lot of time at school acquiring deep knowledge, which can help us to understand our life better. It plays an important role in our lives. It is here that characters and views are formed. It is at this time that they grow and make friends and learn to understand life. School helps to mould a personality. Whatever school years may be, they remain in our hearts forever.
The school where I study is situated not far from my house. It was built in 1974. It is a modern four-storeyed building of all typical design. Our school is named after B. S. Okrestin, hero of the Soviet Union. One can see the memorial complex devoted B. S. Okrestin and nine hero-pilots in front of the school. There is a big sports ground in front of the school, too. Here on the sports ground pupils have classes in
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"Library is a temple of books", - somebody said. And I fully agree with these wise words.
Every person in our country elder than 14 years old, I'm sure, was at least one time in the library. The majority of young people has subscriptions to the libraries they like.
The libraries not only give us a vast choice of books, but also offers excellent opportunities of having rest.
I study at the Far-Eastern State University, and I'm very proud that its library is thought to be the one of the largest in Primorye and even the whole Far-East.
Soon after our studies began, we had heard for a course of
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Our group has two English lessons a week: on Tuesday and Friday. When the teacher come and opens the door, we come in and sit down at the tables. Then we open our bags and take our exercise-books and Bonk's text-books. And soon the lesson begins...
We usually start it by pronouncing different words and sounds. Then we are usually invited to the blackboard by the teacher and Oksana Victorovna asks us the words we were to teach by heart. After that we usually do some exercises from the text-book. These exercises teach us to ask questions, or how to make negative sentences and so on. Then, having got our exercise-books for tests, we usually write spelling, two tests and a quiz.
During the lesson we speak mostly English, but sometimes, when the students
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Education in Britain has a controversial area of national life periodically since 1945 subject to major changes as successive governments tried to improve it. Schooling system in Britain is compulsory, that everyone main stage a cheerful, well-ordered, peaceful, but purpose full school with a friendly atmosphere in which children get up rather than compulsion. It also aims to help pupils to develop personal moral values, and respect for religious values and tolerance of other races religious and way of life, also appreciate, human achievements and aspirations.
The aims of all schools are similar but the structure of educational system of different countries is different. Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5-16. School children attend a primary school for 6 years (from 5-11). They stud
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Seven per cent of British schoolchildren go to private schools called independent schools. There are 2.400 independent schools and they have been growing in number and popularity since the mid-1980s.
Parents pay for these schools, and fees vary from about 250 pounds a term fora private nursery to 3.000 pounds a term or more for a secondary boarding school. Most independent schools are called prep (preparatory) schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11. This exam is for entry into the best schools.
The most famous schools are calledpublic schoolsand they have a long history and traditions. It is often necessary to put your child's name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or sh
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All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.
Nine million children attend 35.000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class. At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.
English educational system is quite different from what we have in Russia. It is class-divided. There are some state schools and some private ones. State schools are infant, junior or secondary. British boys and girls begin to go to school at the age of 5. They draw pictures, sing songs, listen to the stories and tales. British children begin to read and write when they enter the infant schools. Young children are divided into two groups, according to their mental abilities.
Children leave infant schools when they are 7. Then they go to study at junior schools where they learn to write, read and do mathematics. Their school subjects are History, English, Geography, Arithmetics, Arts, Music, Swimming and some others. When the pupils enter the junior schools they pass abilities test. According to the results of the test and thus th
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English children must go to school when they are five. First they go to infant schools, where they learn the first steps in reading, writing and using numbers.
When children leave the infant school, at the age of seven, they go to junior schools until they are about eleven years of age. Their school subjects are English, arithmetic, history, geography, nature study, swimming, music, art, religious instruction and organised games.
Towards the end of their fourth year in the junior school English schoolchildren have to write their Eleven Plus Examinations, on the result of which they will go the following September to a secondary school of a certain type.
Standard variety is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language. A standard variety is generally: used in the news media and in literature; described in dictionaries and grammars; taught in school and taught to non-native speakers when they learn the language as a foreign language. A standard variety may contain some variation in pronunciation according to the part of the country where it is spoken, e.g. Standard British English in Scotland, Wales, Southern England.
Standard English is sometimes used as a cover term for all the national standard varieties of English. These national standard varieties have differences in spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and particularly pronunciation, but there is a co
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Foreign languages are absolutely necessary for us nowadays because of our growing international contacts with all the countries of the world.
There are many reasons why we begin the study of a foreign language. One of them is to be able to communicate with other people who use this language. We may be planning to travel in one or two countries where the language is spoken. If we know the language of a foreign country, we can talk to its people and understand what they are saying to us.
If we are working in any branch of science, we naturally wish to read scientific books and magazines in other languages. Making business nowadays also means knowing foreign languages because of the growing international business contacts.
The great German poet Goethe once said: He who know no foreign language does not know his own one. Learning foreign languages is specially important nowadays. Some people learn foreign languages because they need them in their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby. Every year thousands of people from Russia go to different countries as tourists or to work. They can not go without knowing the language of the country they are going to.
Some people are as a rule polyglots. Historians diplomats need some languages for their work. If you want to be a classified specialist you must learn English, the language of international communication. English is one of the world languages. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. It is the univ
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It is necessary to learn foreign languages. That's why pupils have got such subject as a foreign language at school.
Everybody knows his own language, but it is useful to know foreign languages. I learn English, because I understand that I can use it. For example, if I go to England I'll be able to speak English there. If I go to the USA, I'll speak English too. English is used not only in England, but also in other parts of the world.
I learn English because I want to read foreign literature in the original. I know and like such English and American writers as Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Lewis Carroll and others. I understand that I must learn English. If I know English well, I'll be able to go to the library and take books by English and American
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Somebody said: "English is a language that came from nowhere to conquer the world…" These words are really true and I will prove it.
Firstly I would like to talk to you where English comes from. English is a member of the West Germanic subgroup of the Germanic branch of Indo-European language family. Secondly I would like to dwell on some of the chief literary works written in English language in different periods. "Beowulf" is the most important poem in old English. It is remarkable for its sustained grandeur of tone and for the brilliance of its style. The Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer, "the father of English literature". He added tremendously to the prestige of English language by using it instead of more fashionable French spoken at that time. The third is the King James Bible. It exercised enormous influe
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There are approximately 5000 different languages and many dialects or local versions of major languages in the world.
The oldest written language is Egyptian, but now Egyptian is not a widely spread language.
The most popular languages are Chinese, English, Hindi, Spanish and Russian.
The most difficult languages are North American Indian language of Minnesota and Oregon, Tabassaran, Esqimaux and Chinese.
The simplest language is Esperanto. It was invented by a Polish doctor, Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof in 1887. This language was invented to be a world language because of its simplicity, but now
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As far as you know, there are lots of languages in the world, and some of them fall into category of international languages or languages of wider communication, such as French, English, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian and Arabic. All these languages are the official languages of the UN. All of them fall into the category of the official languages of UNESCO.
Mass media nowadays play an important role in everyone's life. But, undoubtedly, most radio and TV programs are broadcast in such languages as English, Russian, French, German, Arabic and Chinese. Among all these languages only English and French are the official languages of the European international organizations. Among all these languages English is rightly considered to be the international language of the world.
Nowadays English has become the world's most important language in politics and science. In a number of speakers (400 million) it is second only to Chinese.
It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand.
English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan.
The number of second-language speakers may soon exceed the number of native speakers, if it has not done so already.
Today, when English is one of the major languages in the world, it requires an effort of the imagination to realize that this is a relatively recent thing - that in Shakespeare's time, for example, only a few million people spoke English, and the language was not thought to be very important by the other nations of Europe, and was unknow to the rest of the world.
English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England, in all the continents of the world. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century, with the first setelments in North America. Above all,it is the great growth of population in the United States, assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centyries, that has given the English lang
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On the 5th of September 1977, the American spacecraft Voyager One blasted off on its historic mission to Jupiter and beyond. On board the scientists who knew that Voyager would one day spin through distant star systems had installed a recorded greeting from the people of the planet Earth. A brief message in fifty-five different languages for the people of outer space plays a statement from the Secretary-General of the United Nations an Austrian named Kurt Waldheim, speaking on behalf of 147 member states in English.
The rise of English is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English did not exist. Today1 English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue.
The English language has become a world language in politics, sciense, trade and cultural relations. It is the language of computer technology. So most things are published in English, and if you want to keep up with the latest ideas in any subject, you need English.
The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and USA. English is one of official languages of the Irish Republic, Canada and the South Africa Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.
English is the language of international communication in many areas of life: air and sea transport, tourism, sport and entertainment, etc. Almost all kinds of jobs use English language.
If all good people were clever and all clever people were good, the world would be nicer than ever. I think that education is a key to a good future. And schools are the first step on the education-way. Schools help young people to choose their career, to prepare for their future life, they make pupils clever and well-educated. They give pupils the opportunity to fulfil their talent.
Education in Britain developed by steps. The first step was the introducing of two kinds of school: grammar schools and secondary modern schools. Grammar schools offered a predominantly academic education and in secondary modern schools education was more practical.
The second step was the introducing of a new type of school, the comprehensive, a combination of grammar a
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The peculiar feature of American education is the absence of national administration. Each of the 50 states controls and directs its own school. Most states require that children attend school from the time they reach six or 7 years old until they are 16 or 17.
There is no school uniform organization or curriculum throughout the nation. But certain common features exist. Preschool education is part of the elementary school. Elementary and secondary schools consist of 12 years of classes, which meet for about ten month a year, five days a week and five hours a day. Almost every elementary school curriculum includes English, mathematics, science, social studies, music, art and physical education. Many schools include classes teaching basic computer skills.
The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools.
Public schools are free and private schools are fee-paying. Each state has its own system of public schools. Elementary education begins at the age of six or seven, when a child goes to the first grade (form). At the age of sixteen schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them. The programme of studies in the elementary school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural sciences and, besides, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, wood or metal work, etc. Sometimes they learn a foreign language and general history.
Everyone in our country has the right to education. It is said in our Constitution. But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school, that is they must get a full secondary education. So, when they are 6 or 7 years old they begin to go to school.
There are thousands of schools in Russia. There are schools of general education, where the pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, Geography, Music, Foreign languages. There is also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get profound knoledge of foreign languages, or Maths, or Physics.
After finishing 9 classes of the secondary school the young people can continue their education at different kinds
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In Russia children begin going to school at the age of seven. First they study at the elementary school. It lasts three or four years. At the elementary school children get the elementary education, they learn to read, write and count.
From the fifth form the secondary education begins. Children begin learning different subjects, such as Literature, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Computing, Foreign Languages and soon. The nine-year secondary education is compulsory in our country, but after completing the nine-year schooling pupils face the first serious decision in their lives. They have to decide either to continue their studies in the tenth and eleventh forms at a general secondary school, or to transfer to specialised colleges, that is to say, choose a particular career. Colleges give young people a secondary education plus
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Secondary education is mandatory in Russia. Children start school at the age of 6 and finish at 17. As a rule, a child attends the school located in the neighborhood, the one which is the closest to home. However, there in big cities there are also so-called "special" schools, offering more in-depth studies of the major European languages (English, French, or German), or the advanced courses in physics and mathematics, and children attending one of these may have to commute from home.
There are no school buses in Russia. The first stage of education is elementary school for grades 1 through 4. The second is secondary school for grades 5 through 9. Upon graduation from secondary school (which is not the equivalent of having completed their secondary education), students are given the choice of either continuing to attend the same
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The public educational system in Russia incorporates pre-school, general school, specialized secondary and higher education.
Pre-school consists of kindergartens and creches. Children there learn reading, writing and arithmetic. But pre-school education isn't compulsory - children can get it at home. Compulsory education is for children from 6(7) to 17 years of age.
The main link in the system of education is the general school which prepares the younger generation for life and work in modern production. There are various types of schools: general secondary schools, schools specializing in a certain subject, high schools, lyceums and so on. Tuition in most of them is free of charge, but some new types of schools are fee-paying.
I'd like to tell you a few words about education in Britain and in Russia and I'd like to start with British education system. In Britain all children from 5 to 16 go to school. There are state schools, which are free and private schools, for which parents pay. Many British private schools are "boarding" schools. The children stay at school during all term and only come home on the holidays. They usually wear uniforms. All state schools in Britain provide their pupils with books and equipment for their students in contrast to Russia. 9 million children attend 35.000 schools in Britain.
Education is compulsory.Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school play group to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue for 6 years until they are 11. M
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I know English boys and girls begin to go to school (it is called "infant") at five; at seven they go to junior schools or departments; at eleven they go to secondary schools. (After selection procedures at the age of eleven they can study at different types of secondary shool: grammar schools which provide an academic education oriented toeards university entry; secondary modern schools which were originally designed to give a general education with a practical bias; a few secondary technics schools offering a general education related to industry, commerce and agriculture; and schools providing all three or any two types of education, in separately orginized streams known as multilateral or bilateral schools).
These schools consist of denominational and non-denominational schools. I'd like to yell you about non-denominational s
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Education in Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5-16. About 93 percent of all children are educated in state schools and the rest attend private schools.
Schoolchildren attend a primary school for 6 years (5 to 11 years). When students transfer to Secondary School at the age of 11, they do not take any examination, but their reports are sent on from the Primary School.
Most children – over 80 percent – go to a comprehensive school. "Comprehensive" means all-inclusive. They admit pupils of all abilities. Pupils in all state in schools in England and Wales study 10 main subjects, among them: English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography, Art, Music, Physical Education, Information Technology. Religious education is
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Education is very important for every person. It gives information and opportunities for further life. Every country has its own, unique system of education. We can note examples of many different systems, but I think the most developed and popular are: education system in the USA, the education system in Great Britain, as the most oldest, and Russian education system, the best in some qualities I think. But as many persons as many opinions, and the best way to prove something is to compare it, I consider.
There are three main systems in Britain: the Comprehensive system, the selective and the private system. The Comprehensive system was introduced in Britain in 1960s. More than 90% of children who go to state schools go to schools of comprehensive system. Children go to a primary school at the age of 5. Then they go to the upper
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Education is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He always tries to learn, find out, discover more about the world around him. He get knowledge at school, from books, magazines, from TV educational programs. The pupils can get deeper knowledge in different optional courses in different subjects and school offers these opportunities. They can deepen and improve their knowledge by attending different optional courses in different subjects. The result of the educative process is the capacity for further education.
Nowadays the students of secondary schools have opportunities to continue their education by entering, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges. But the road to learning is not easy. There is no royal road to learning. To be successful in studies one must work heard. It's for you t
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The American system of school education differs from the system in some countries. There are state-supported public schools, private elementary schools, and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are fee-paying.
Each individual state has its own system of public schools. Elementary education begins at the age of six with the first grade and continues up to the eighth grade. The elementary school is followed by four years of the secondary school or high as it is called. In some states the last two years of the elementary and the first years of the secondary school are combined into a junior high school.
Giving general education, some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agric
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In America, all children from six to sixteen go to school. They spend six years in "elementary" school, and four or six years in "secondary" or "high" school. School education is free. At the end of every school year, the children take a test. If a child does well, he goes into next class ("grade"). If he doesn't do well, he has to repeat the grade.
Some schools have modern teaching equipment, like computers and closed circuit television, but there are small country schools, with just one classroom. At the end of their time at school, most students get a high school diploma.
In Britain all children from five to sixteen go to school. They spend six years in "primary" school, and then go on to "secondary" school. In Britain there are "state" schools, w
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