Television is the most popular leisure pastime in Russia. Several television channels are in operation: "Ostankino", "Russian Channel", "Independent TV Channel - NTV". Besides them there are local TV channels and local commercial TV channels in big cities and republics of Russia.
TV services provide programmes of general interest such as light entertainment, sport, current affairs, serious drama, music. There are programmes on arts, children's and family programmes, interview with outstanding personalities, news reports covering international, national and local events. Much attention is paid to foreign films, American in particular, foreign TV programmes and soap operas.
Newspapers and magazines play a great and very important role in the life of a modern man. Reading a newspaper you can get information about the events that have taken or are going to have place in this country and abroad. You can also read articles about historical events and public figures of the past. The pages of newspapers carry articles on our economy, industry, agriculture and social life. Practicaly all newspapers also give radio and TV programmes, weather forecasts.
Today Russia can be proud of the variety of newspapers circulating throughout the country. One can find newspapers of all kinds: national and local, official and private, quality and popular, newspapers issued for children, teenagers, for all kind of fans: sport-fans, car-fa
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The British Media consists of the press and radio and TV broadcasting.
Now a couple of words about papers. First of all there is no subscription. You may buy any on sale. There are two main types of newspapers: thepopularpapers and thequalitypapers.
The popular papers are less in size, with many pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read. They are such papers asDaily Express, Daily mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Star, The Sunand others.
The press is a mirror of current events. This proves to be true when you look through any newspaper. There are a lot of photos, articles, short and long, that inform readers of the latest events.
It has been claimed that the British read more newspapers than any other people throughout the United Kingdom.
All British papers can be classified as either “quality” or “popular” papers. A “quality” paper is a serious national paper that aims at the educated reader. The best known British newspapers which give serious coverage of the news and comment are “The Times”, “The Gar
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Everywhere, everyday exiting things are happening. Each day is filled with news. How are people kept informed? The press, radio and television keep people informed on all topical issues of the day.
The press has a great political influence. You can get a lot of useful information from newspaper reports. If you are a regular reader of the press you will be well informed about all matters. Newspapers publish articles on home and foreign affairs. Reports by political observers and commentators help us to get useful information on international and domestic issues.
The British are great newspaper readers. Newspapers are often
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The British press consists of several kinds of newspapers. The national papers are the ones sold all over the country, with a large circulation, giving general news. There are two main types of national paper - the "popular" papers and the "quality" papers.
The popular papers are smaller in size (they are tabloid size), with lots of pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read and often contain little real information. They give much space to opinions. They usually have "human interest" stories - stories about ordinary people and events. Examples of this type of newspapers are "The Daily Mail", "The Sun", etc.
Britain is a nation of newspaper readers. In fact they buy 15 million newspapers every day and about 42 million people read them. On the one hand, there are the "quality" newspapers: The Times, The Independent, The guardian, the Financial Times and The Daily Telegraph. On the other hand, there are the "populars" and "tabloids", so-called because of their smaller size – the most widely read of which are The Daily Mail, The Daily Express, the Daily Mirror, The Sun and The Daily Star.
Quality newspapers are more expensive, they concentrate on serious news, although they also have features, sports news and a guide to radio and TV programmes. Popular newspapers concentrate on more emotive reporting of stories often
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My family and me are fond of reading newspapers. At our flat you can always find very much different magazines and newspapers lying everywhere. There are political, economical, informational, reading for mind and other newspapers and magazines about all spheres of life. We don’t like to eject old magazines because there is always interesting and useful information that one-day can be used.
Nowadays we don’t subscribe to any newspapers or magazines. Some years ago we subscribed to some newspapers, for example "Moscovsky komsomolets". It deserved its fame as a newspaper, which writes about actual things about our politics and pop stars. For first time journalists were trying to write only truth but after some years reading it
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Newspapers and magazines play a very important part in our life. Practically there is no family that does not read them. We can learn many things from newspapers. Perhaps that is why many years ago an American humorous writer said: "All I know is what I see in the papers"; and another American author more than half a century ago wrote that "the careful reader of a few good newspapers can learn more in a year than most scientists do in their great libraries". We can agree or disagree with these statements (better to disagree, because scientific books and magazines have more information than newspapers), but we'll have to say that newspapers help us in many ways.
There are a lot of different kinds of newspapers in our count
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The British people buy more newspapers per heard than people in most other countries. Newspapers in the UK are of two main types: quality papers or broadsheets and tabloids that are half the size of broadsheets. But the size is not the only thing that makes them different. The quality papers produce serious quality journalism, while the tabloids called "popular papers" have more sensational reporting style. Quality papers are "The Independent", "Financial Times", "Guardian", "Daily Telegraph". Tabloids are "The Sun", "Daily Mail", "Today" "Daily Sport", "Daily Mirror", "Daily Express".
Quality papers contain political, industrial and cul
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The newspaper printing is a rather unusual activity since each day the newspaper material is prepared anew. Newspaper includes editorial board work the following functions: getting the right news, writing it in the form of an article, selection of the best items for the print, and desplaying the selected copy in the paper.
All these tasks are performed by journalists, editors and rewrite men, photographers and makeup editors responsible for the issue of the paper.
Thus, the newspaper reporting starts with collecting information for the paper. However, journalism does not stop here. Newspapers and magazines publish a great
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Television plays an important role in our life. It informs people about current events both national and international, the latest achievements in science and culture, and offers some programs, which are both interesting and stimulating.
Every day we can see different types of programs on TV. News is broadcast at regular intervals. They also present operas, ballets, music concerts and various shows. Broadcast for schools are produced on five days of the week, during school hours. In the late afternoon and early evening TV channels showed special programs for children. In the evenings and at weekends there are broadcasts of sports events.
Mass Media are the press, radio and television. Every day we read newspapers and magazines, listen to the radio and watch TV. Nowadays there are so many newspapers and magazines, radio stations and TV-channels that we have to be selective and give preference to some of them.
The newspapers and magazines I read are the most readable and have a large readership or circulation. One of them is "Arguments & Facts". This newspaper is worth reading, because there I can find all necessary information and it is always true fact.
As for the magazines, I like to read "7 days", "TV-park", and a very i
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The most popular sources of entertainment and information are the press, radio and tv. The press plays an important part in the life of society. Millions of Americans in their free time read newspapers.
The English word ‘newspaper’ does not really describe everything that you can read in this kind of publication. Newspapers include not only stories about recent events (news), but opinions, advertising, and other non-news items.
The first American newspaper was called Public Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestic. This paper was first published in Boston in 1690. Now there are about 2,600 newspapers published in
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Mass media (that is the press, the radio and television) play an important role in the life of modern man and society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world, make them change their views and mould public opinion.
Reading the newspaper you can get information about the events that have taken or are going to take place in our country or abroad. The pages of newspapers carry articles on economy, industry, agriculture and social life. Practically all newspapers also give radio and TV programs, weather forecasts.
Today Russia can be proud of the great variety of newspape
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It goes without saying that mass media has become part and parcel of any contemporary society. The press, the radio and television play a very important part in the life of the society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. As sociologists say news is not what happens, it is what you see or read about in mass media. In other words, mass media plays a very important role in moulding public opinion.
Millions of people watch TV and read newspapers in their spare time. The daily paper dominates family life at breakfast. Most of people can’t do without a newspaper in the underground or during the lunch break.
There are many kinds of newspapers in our country. It is possible to buy them almost everywhere. We know that it is necessary to read newspapers. Reading them we can learn a lot of interesting and useful things. I think that everyone must read newspapers every day.
I read many newspapers and magazines. I like "Vechernaya Moskva" best of all. This newspaper was published on the 6th of December, 1923 for the first time. It usually has 8 pages. You can read some news on the 1st page. You can't know a lot about these events, you read only some facts, which are usually short, but interesting.
Mass Media plays an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. Millions of people in their spare time watch TV and read newspapers. The TV-set is not just a piece of furniture in our homes. It is often one of the family.
The radio is turned on most of the time creating a permanent background noise. You can listen to the radio doing some work about the house, driving a car, lying in the sun, and working in the garden. On the radio you can hear music, plays, news, poetry, various commentary and discussions.
At present there is a lot of advertising on TV and radio. The film you are watch
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People from different walks of life have become nowadays listeners, readers, viewers. Or in other words, reading newspapers and magazines, watching TV, listening to the news on the radio are our main means of getting information in all its variety.
Newspapers with their enormous circulation report different kinds of news. They carry articles which cover the latest international and national events. Now people buy newspapers also for the radio and TV programmes which they publish. There are special newspapers which gave a full coverage of commercial, financial and publish affairs.
There are newspapers and magazines for youn
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Everywhere, everyday, exiting things are happening. Each day is filled with news. People learn news and views. While reading newspapers and magazines, taking over the telephone or they are kept informed by watching TV or listening to the radio.
TV dominates the life of the family most of the time. The TV set isn't just a piece of further. It's someone who is "one of the family". TV is one of the best inventions the man ever made. We are really beginning to forget what the world was without TV.
Everybody knows what a great force is TV in the world today. Thanks to TV we get a great amount of information. I
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TV has good and bad sides. First of all it keeps people informed, we can learn a lot of information watching TV. We can choose programs that appeal to us more, because TV provides programs for all interests.
Sometimes we can relax, entertain ourselves when we are tired. Advertisement on TV gives us information about different products and it makes easier to choose things to buy. When we watch TV we learn about the world, famous people and global or recent news.
TV has a lot of disadvantages. It takes a lot of time and it makes us lazy. And it’s very harmful for our health, expetially eyes. Some violent programs and f
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We talk to various people from different countries about their attitudes about TV. Does TV educate or stimulate? Or it is a drug or tranquilizer used to control the population. There are some views, e.g. "TV has been the greatest instrument of social democracy in Western European socialites", - said Mr. Smith from British film institute. Some people disagree, 90 % of TV programmes in some countries are foreign. And some people think and feel, that TV has disrupted local culture and social ties.
Why do developing countries introduce TV? Perhaps government do it for prestige, to show that they have introduced new technology into their societies. Another possible reason is that political leaders want their people to see them on TV.
Newspaper is one of the most important mass media of communication in modern world. The press always focuses public attention on all the most important questions of social, economic, scientific and cultural life.
Most newspapers in our country come out daily, besides there are some weekly newspapers too. Many newspapers have traditional columns such as "Letters to the Editor", "Contacts and Information", "Events: Details and Analysis". The edition board of a newspaper usually deals with the topical issues of the day. The readers questions, opinions and suggestions which they send in letters help to improve the newspaper and make it more interesting.
One of my friend, Dmity Shevelev, lives in Vladivostok now though he was born in Nakhodka. Some years ago he graduated from the one of our institutions and became an engineer. Now he lives near his office. He usually walks there. He works on weekdays.
I can't say that he work hard, but all his mates like him because he is a good mixer or, as you may say, he is very communicable person. He doesn't work on Saturday or Sunday. His working day usually lasts for eight hours. His duties are to answer all incoming letters and calls, to meet with different specialists, to help young engineers.
Let me introduce myself. My name is Sergey. I am leaving school this year. My dream is to become a student of the Foreign Languages Department in the Krasnodar State University. I want to study English, German and may be French.
Knowledge of a foreign language opens a new world for us. If you know a foreign language you can speak with foreigners and it is a way for better understanding. If you know a foreign language you can read books in the original and in way you can better understand other people’s nature and culture.
For knowing English one should learn every day. So I read the texts, translate them, try to find
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I think that the problem of youth employment is very actual and must be solved as quick as possible.
Most of young people in Russia nowadays get higher education chiefly because it is in basion now. They all go to institutes or universities and even academies. But the quality of education nowadays leaves much to be desired. As a result the country will have a lot of specialists especially doctors, managers and lowers. But their quality will be very low. It is one problem.
The other problem is that of finding working places for such a great number of specialists. The Federal Government should do something about this problem
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When millions of young people leave school, they begin an independent life. Some of them start working, go into business, some of them continue schooling to receive a higher education.
While choosing a career you should take into consideration main demands that you want your future profession to meet: the profession must be interesting, you have to be sure of your future (that means that you will be able to find a job after graduation from the university), a profession must be well-paid, otherwise you won’t be able to support yourself and your future family.
During our school life we begin to think about our future l
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When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It’s not an easy task to make right choice of a job. You can start a working career go into business or continue schooling to receive a higher education.
There are over 2000 professions to choose and make a decision. It is a dilemma for all family. Fathers usually wants their children to follow their footsteps. Mothers don’t want their sons and daughters to leave the native town. So they persuade kids to enter local colleges and universities.
Because of the wide difference in jobs, you should find out all you can about
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I am going to become a teacher. I suppose my future profession to be one of the most important nowadays.
My future speciality is English. I love children very much and to become a teacher has been my dream since my early childhood. To teach and to bring up children is the most important and noble thing, to my mind.
I am eager to get the proper education to be able to do my best to teach my future pupils my favourite subject. I'll try not only to help them to master it. I'll try to help them to become good and clever people, to be honest, kind and noble. Children are our future and I want them to be really good and
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The end of school is the start of our independent life and the beginning of the most serious examination we have passed. In order to do well at this examination it is necessary to choose the right road in life which will help us best to live and work for own good and for the benefit of our country.
Many broad ways will open before the pupils when they leave a secondary school. Everybody will have a chance to develop and use knowledge and education received during the school years. There are a lot of different trades and professions, and each one must choose the occupation in which he or she can best develop one's own talent and abilities.
When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession, your future life has become. It’s not an easy to make the right choice of a job.
I have known for long time that leaving school is the beginning of my independent life, the beginning of a far more serious examination of my abilities and character. What do I want to be when I leave school? It’s very important question for me. A few years ago it was difficult for me to give a definite answer. As the years passed I changed my mind a lot of times about what science or field of industry to specialize in. It’s difficult to make up my mind and choose one of the hundreds jobs to which I might be better suited.
Two occupations attract me a lot. I like to talk with small children and explain things to them and I like to write computer programs. I often think which one is most favourable and can not decide which profession to choose.
I was born in a family of a teacher. When I was a little girl I went to school with my mother attending her lessons. I watched her and I wanted my mother to be a favourite and most respected teacher and the older friend for the pupils. Once our English teacher caught a cold. I was in the 9th form then and was fond of English. The head teacher asked me to give an English lesson in the 5th form. I entered the classroom and was terrified at first with all those pupils' eyes stared at me. But I tried to get concentrated and
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I want to become a doctor. I like this profession and I am eager to get a medical education and work at a hospital. It is a good tradition in our family. My mother is a doctor, my grandfather is a doctor and I want to be a doctor, too.
When I was a little boy my grandfather worked at a hospital and I spent some time at the hospital with him. He is a surgeon and works in a surgical department. Day by day he takes care of his hospital patients, he treats them well. He is very attentive. Every day he comes into wards asking patients, "What do you complain of?". He wants all people to be able-bodied and he tries to treat his in-patients in a proper way.
There are a lot of professions all over the world. Each man has his own choice. As for me I am interested in Law and Economics. School helps us to make a serious choice of occupation, but not only school, the appearence of many Institutes, Universities, Academies, colleges, politechnical schools help us in solving this difficult question.
When school pupils leave school they can try to continue their education. For that they have to take entrance examinations to the Institute or University they have chosen.
Also the participating in out-of-class activities helps us to choose our future career; because while this participat
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Let me introduce myself. My name is Masha. I have left school this year. It is my dream to become a student of the English department. I want to study English, German and maybe French.
Knowledge of a foreign lanquage opens a new world for us. If you know a foreign language, you can speak with foreigners and it is a way to better understanding. If you know a foreign language you can read books in the original, and it is a way to better understanding of other people's nature and culture.
In Ukraine children study different foreign languages. At school I took up English. I read stories by English, American and Australian
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I agree that choosing career is not a simple matter. And I'm still hesitating about my future profession. But I want my profession to be connected with computers, because I have the computer at home and I am learning to use it. And I think that computer professions would be popular in a few years and it won't be difficult to find a good and well paid job, especially if you can work on the computer better then the others.
There is one more reason why I want to connect my future with computers. I am sure that human's future is impossible without modern and progressive computer technologies and that is why some new professions, connected with computes, will appear in future. Of course, our school computer lessons teach us how to use com
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Many students when they finish high school do not have a clear idea of what they want to do in future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market. With so many kinds of work (2000) how can you tell what will interest you? Some of the occupations are already overcrowded. In old industries there may be a little need of new workers, while new and growing industries will offer good jobs now and in the future. Finally how can you make the best use of you personal talents? Those who know themselves often find the best jobs.
Choosing a career is not easy for most people, yet it is one of the most important decisions you make in your life. It is of most importance to explore your choice of occupation from every angle, collect as much information
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Everyone needs at least one profession in his life. So when you begin spending sleepless nights thinking about a job and money, when you think longingly of the plans for the future it's no doubt about it you're ready to choose most suitable career for you. So in the world there are very and very many different professions: you can work with people as a doctor, a lawyer, a receptionist, a teacher, etc.; on the enterprise, bank, school and state institution. And what kind of a profession you choose is mainly depend on yourself. And I think it's very difficult task for everybody. And now there is such situation in the life that it is very difficult to find some worthy job especially suitable for you.
There is one day a year when all Americans stay home with their families and eat a big dinner. This is Thanksgiving Day.
The pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day in the fall of 1621. The pilgrims sailed to America on board the "Mayflower" ship for religious freedom. They were among the first European settlers in America.
There were people living in America before the pilgrims arrived. These people were the Native American Indians. The pilgrims first winter in the New World was very difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops. Without fresh food half of the pilgrims died. The following spring
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All the people enjoy summer holidays very much. It is a great pleasure to have a rest after a whole year of hard work or study. People like to travel during their summer holidays. Some people go abroad to see new countries, some people prefer to go to the country-side to enjoy country-life far from noise and fuss of big cities. Some people like to spend their holidays in cities, visiting theatres, museums and going sightseeing. But a great number of people go to the seaside in summer.
I like to have rest at the seaside best of all. I do not like crowds when I am on holiday. My family and I always have our holiday on the coast. Sea and sunshine, that is what we look forward to every summer. Hotels at the large seaside towns are rather expensive,
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St. Valentine's Day has roots in several different legends. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid, the Roman god of Love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with a bow and arrow.
Three hundred years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On February 14,Valentine was beheaded. The night before he was executed, he wrote the jailer's daughter a farewell letter signing it, "From Your Valentine".
Another legend tells us that this same Val
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There are only 6 public holidays in GB. Those are days on which people need not go into work. These are days: Christmas Day, Boxing day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday. Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though it would be right to say that for the great part of the population they have lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, drink and make merry. All public holidays, except Christmas day and Boxing day observed on December 25th and 26threspectively, are movable, that is don't fall on the same day each year.
Christmas day observed on December 25th is the most popular public holiday of the year in all parts of GB except Scotland. On Christmas Eve o
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The celebration of New Year's day varies according to the district. In the south of England, the festival of Christmas, lasting 12 days from December 25th, runs on well into the New Year. The decorations of coloured streamers and holly, put up round the walls, and of course the fir-tree, with its candles or lights, are not packed away until January 5th.
On the evening of December 31st, people gather in one another's homes, in clubs, in pubs, in restaurants, and hotels, in dance halls and institutes, to "see the New Year in". There is usually a supper of some kind, and a cabaret, or light entertainment.
At midnight on 31st December bells will ring out around the world to welcome the New Year.
Although certain countries and religions calculate time by other calendars most countries in the world now number their years according to the Gregorian calendar introduced in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII. This calendar was intended to overcome the confusion caused by calculating time according to the moon's phases.
Bell ringing is one way of celebrating the arrival of a new year which is common to all countries welcoming it at this time; but it is the differences in their celebrations and customs which are intriguing. I
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I like New Year's Day, it is my favourite holiday. The 1st of January is a winter holiday and now it is the first day of the New Year. Peter the First changed the Russian calendar in 1699. He made the 31st of December, 1699 the last day of the year. The first of January 1700 became New Year's Day.
The 1st of January is in the middle of winter. The weather is usually fine and there is a lot of snow everywhere. As the 1st of January is a holiday I don't go to school and my parents don't go to work.
Our family prepares for this holiday beforehand. My father buys and brings home a beautiful New Year's tree
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There are some dates which are holidays in this country. The first holiday of the year begins with the New Year Day on the first of January. On the eve of the New Year Day, that is at night of the thirty first of December, we are usually at home with our family or with our friends near a New Year tree is decorated with our bright and toys. At 12 o'clock we wish each other "Happy New Year!". We give presents to our friends and to all the family.
Children like this holiday very much, because their winter vacation begins with the New Year day and last two weeks. They have a lot of fun then. They dance and sing round a New Year tree with Father Frost and Snow Maiden. During the winter vacation children do not study, they can play hocke
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We have many holidays in Ukraine but I would like to tell about the main of them.
The New Year is my favourite holiday. It is merry to decorate the New Year Tree, to dance near it and to receive presents.
Then in a week there is Christmas. In Ukraine it is an old and popular holiday. In the morning boys go from house to house, from flat to flat, sing traditional holiday songs and wish everything good to the people they visit. The people give them sweets, cakes and money.
There are many national holidays in Russia. The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day and Independence Day.
The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at midnight to the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock. There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
January 1 - New Year's Day. The New Year holiday is very popular. In every house there is a firtree. The presents are supposed to be sent by Father Frost (Santa Claus) and the Snow Maiden. People usually see the New Year in sitting round a festive table. They are addressing New Year's greetings and good wishes to one another. They are raising their wineglasses filled with sparkling champagne.
January 7 - Christmas. The Russian Christmas is celebrated on the 7th of January. The holiday is connected with the wonderful birth of Jesus Christ as it is described in the Holy Bible. On that day, about 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem. When Jesus was born, wise men from the East came to worship him. They gave the Child presents
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Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. But there are also international holidays which are celebrated in all countries worldwide. They are: Christmas, New Year, Easter and St. Valentine's day.
Christmas is a traditional family reunion day. On this day, many people attend a church service, open their presents and eat a Christmas dinner. In Britain, Christmas is the most important public holiday of the year. It combines the custom of giving gifts with the tradition of spending this day with the family. Every year a huge Christmas tree, the gift of the Norwegian people, graces Trafalgar square.
There are many national holidays in the world, when people all over the country do not work and have special celebrations. For example in Russia the major holidays are: New Year's Day, Victory Day.
The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock. There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with colored lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
Halloween, name applied to the evening of October 31, preceding the Christian feast of Hallowmas, Allhallows, or All Saints' Day. The observances connected with Halloween are thought to have originated among the ancient Druids, who believed that on that evening, Saman, the lord of the dead, called forth hosts of evil spirits. The Druids customarily lit great fires on Halloween, apparently for the purpose of warding off all these spirits.
Among the ancient Celts, Halloween was the last evening of the year and was regarded as a propitious time for examining the portents of the future. The Celts also believed that the spirits of the dead revisited their earthly homes on that evening.
Christmas Day is celebrated on December 25. Many people look on Christmas as the time to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, but really the tradition goes back to the earliest of times.
In those days the sun meant so much to primitive man that when it began to go lower each day till December 23, people thought the sun was going to die out and they were worried. They ate less keeping the food for the next year.
On December 23 the sun stayed in the sky longer and after that the nights were becoming shorter and shorter. When this happened, the primitive man was very happy. He even felt he wanted to celebrate it.
На нашем сайте есть множество топиков на английском языке на разные тематики. В данном подразделе вы найдете небольшие тексты и рассказы, описывающие праздники и культуру разных стран и народов. Праздники наполняют нашу жизнь весельем и хорошим настроением. У каждого народа есть свои национальные праздники и традиции. Большая часть людей любит праздники, и может говорить о них бесконечно. И, безусловно, вы тоже хотите вести дискуссии на эту тему. В этом вам помогут топики на английском языке.
Благодаря таким топикам, вы не только обогатите свой словарный запас и усовершенствуете иностранный язык, но и узнаете о культуре разных стран, в том числе США и Англии, а также об их национальных праздниках. Вы сможете свободно вести диалоги на английском
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very country has its own customs and traditions. English people are proud of their traditions and they keep them up. It is difficult to speak about England without speaking about its holidays. Christmas Day is among them.
All English people celebrate Christmas (or X-mas) on the 25th of December. What kind of holiday is it? It is the yearly celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. It falls on December 25 by the Catholic Church and on the 7th of January by the Orthodox Church. This holiday means the beginning of the new year and the new life.
English people celebrate this holiday with the evergreen tree - Christmas tree. Ch
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There are many holidays in Great Britain. The main are Christmas and Bank holidays.
Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December and symbolizes the birthday of Christ. This day is marked by setting the fur-tree and decorating it with different toys and candles. Children wait for Santa Claus who comes to every house and brings presents. Going to bed children leave their stockings and shoes to receive presents the next morning. There are a lot of parties organized by people to celebrate this wonderful holiday. Young people like to spend it together in good companies. There are a lot of fun and jokes on that day.
There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holidays and Summer Bank Holidays.
The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated. Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collecet money for charity and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs.
The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of Decemb
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Every country has its own customs and traditions. English people are proud of their traditions and they keep them up. It is difficult to speak about England without speaking about its holidays. Christmas Day is among them.
All English people celebrate Christmas (or X-mas) on the 25th of December. What kind of holiday is it? It is the yearly celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. It falls on December 25 by the Catholic Church and on the 7th of January by the Orthodox Church. This holiday means the beginning of the new year and the new life.
English people celebrate this holiday with the evergreen tree - Christmas tree. C
... Читать дальше »
There are many holidays in Great Britain. The main are Christmas and Bank holidays.
Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December and symbolizes the birthday of Christ. This day is marked by setting the fur-tree and decorating it with different toys and candles. Children wait for Santa Claus who comes to every house and brings presents. Going to bed children leave their stockings and shoes to receive presents the next morning. There are a lot of parties organized by people to celebrate this wonderful holiday. Young people like to spend it together in good companies. There are a lot of fun and jokes on that day.
The word "Christmas" is derived from the words "Christ's Mass" - the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. But although Christmas is undoubtedly a Christian celebration, it is also true to say that it is an unusual combination of pagan and Christian festivities.
A Christmas tree stands in everybody's living room at Christmas, shining its good cheer around the room. Sitting on the very top of the tree is a silver star surrounded by tiny lights. All the branches are hung with silver bells, tinsel and sparkling lights. Around the base of the tree lie the gifts and toys wrapped up in bright colourful paper.
Every country has its own customs and traditions. English people are proud of their traditions and they keep them up. It is difficult to speak about England without speaking about its holidays. Christmas Day is among them.
All English people celebrate Christmas (or X-mas) on the 25th of December. What kind of holiday is it? It is the yearly celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. It falls on December 25 by the Catholic Church and on the 7th of January by the Orthodox Church. This holiday means the beginning of the new year and the new life.
English people celebrate this holiday with the evergreen tree - Christmas tree. C
... Читать дальше »
There are many holidays in Great Britain. The main are Christmas and Bank holidays.
Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December and symbolizes the birthday of Christ. This day is marked by setting the fur-tree and decorating it with different toys and candles. Children wait for Santa Claus who comes to every house and brings presents. Going to bed children leave their stockings and shoes to receive presents the next morning. There are a lot of parties organized by people to celebrate this wonderful holiday. Young people like to spend it together in good companies. There are a lot of fun and jokes on that day.
There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holidays and Summer Bank Holidays.
The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated. Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collecet money for charity and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs.
The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of Decemb
... Читать дальше »
There are a number of holidays, which are celebrated in Great Britain every year. One of them is, of course, New Year's Day on the first of January. It is not so popular in England as in our country, but it is rather popular in Scotland. On that day people usually visit their friends and there is a lot of dancing and eating. In Scotland people bring a piece of coal for good luck in the New Year.
The next holiday of the year is St. Valentine's Day. It is on the 14th of February. People buy or make Valentine cards and send them to the people they love.
In March there is Mother's Day. All the children, little or a
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April Fool’s Day or all Fool’s Day is the first of April. The fun of the holiday is to play silly but harmless jokes on family members and friends. The victim of these jokes is called an April fool.
This holiday first appeared in France when the French began to use the Gregorian calendar, some people continued to use the old calendar and to celebrate New Year’s Day in April 1. These people were called April fools. Playing jokes on this day became popular first in France and then in many other countries. Today, April Fool’s jokes are played mostly by children, who enjoy the holiday very much.
Each of 50 states establishes its own legal holidays. But there are holidays, which are common to all federal offices. They are the New Year Day, Washington Birthday - "President's Day", Memorial Day, Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. There are also many traditional holidays such as St' Valentine's Day, Mothers' Day and Halloween.
Perhaps the "two most American holidays" are the 4th of July and Thanksgiving Day.
The Independence Day is like a big national party. It takes place through over the country: in neighborhoods, beaches or in parks. Some towns and cities have parades with ba
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The population of the United States is made up of people of very many nationalities. Their predecessors came to America from different countries, and they brought their native celebrations with them. They all became Americans, but they kept many traditions of those countries they had come from. That is why the number of holidays in different states of America is different. But the most important holidays are marked throughout the United States.
One of the greatest holidayes is Independence Day. It was on July 4, 1776, that the Declaration of Independence was signed, proclaiming independence of thirteen British colonies from Great Britain. July 4 has became the greatest holyday since. In the past this day was marked with big parades and fireworks
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In the USA Constitution there is no provision for national holidays. Each state has the right to decide which holiday to observe. Many states have the holidays of their own. First is an Independent day. The 4th of July is the birthday of the US. On July, 4 1776, the American colonists declared their independence from GB and adopted the Declaration of Independence.
Another one is Memorial Day, it was first called Decoration Day. It is celebrated on the last Monday of May. After World War I ended in 1918, Decoration Day became a day to remember everyone who died, fighting in the US wars.
There are a number of holidays in the USA which are celebrated every year. Here are some of them. The 1st of January is New Year's Day. People do not go to bed until after midnight on December 31. They like to see "the old year out and the new year in". Many people give parties on New Year's Eve.
Memorial Day, or Decoration Day, is dedicated to those who fought in the War of Independence, in World War I or in World War II.
The 4th of July is Independence Day. It is the biggest national holiday in the USA. The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, when the American col
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I have usually meals four times a day. They are breakfast, lunch at the University (rare), dinner and supper.
Dinner is the substantial meal of a day. It consists of 3 courses. We can’t imagine Russian dinner without a plate of soup. The second course is meat and fish with potatoes, macaronis, with vegetable salad, for dessert we eat a glass of juice, compote or tea. Potatoes, pancakes, cereals are usually cooked in my family as for me I can prepare a fried egg or a scrambled egg, make fraid tea.
I am busy and spend much time at the University. Sometimes I eat here in the canteen or a snack bar cafe and restaurants o
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It is not a secret that our meals influence much on our health and our mood. That's why I consider breakfast to be the most important meal in the day as it is the first our meal and it can put us in good spirits or it can't.
Now I shall tell you about my breakfast. In the morning I usually have porridge. I often start my breakfast with a cereal which is not cooked, it is something dry, ready to be eaten or muesly - some grain or porridge which is not cooked with dried fruit, nuts and so on. I also like eggs (cooked in different ways). I don't practically eat butter, I prefer soft margarine - made of vegetable fat, which is not heavy and creamy. I don't eat jam at breakfast, I eat marmalade which is not sweet, there is slight bitt
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Medicines are not meant to live, an English proverb says. Yes, that's true and we may add that good health is better than the best medicine. If your health is good, you are always in a good mood. You have a sound mind in a solid body, as an Old Latin saying goes. The English proverb "Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind, expresses the similar idea, but from the different point of view.
The profession of a doctor is one of the most noble, respected and needed in the worlds, as we turn to a doctor for advise at the hardest moments of our life, when we fall ill or suffer from pain or some disorder in our body and soul. We complain of low medical treatment, poor equipment of hospitals, difficulties in getting this or that medici
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When we cook, we boil, roast, fry or stew our food. We boil eggs, meat, chicken, fish, milk, water and vegetables. We fry eggs, fish and vegetables. We stew fish, meat, vegetables or fruit. We roast meat or chicken. We put salt, sugar, pepper, vinegar and mustard into our food to make it salted, sweet, sour or simply tasty. Our food may taste good or bad or it may be tasteless.
The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner or, in simpler houses, breakfast, dinner, tea and supper.
For breakfast English people mostly have porridge or corn-flakes with milk or cream and sugar, bacon and eggs, marmalade with b
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When we are ill, we call a doctor, and he examines us and diagnoses the illness. When we have a headache, a stomach ache, a sore throat, a cold, or a pain in some parts of the body, we call a doctor. He takes our temperature and our pulse. He examines our heart, our lungs, our stomach or the part where we have pain, and tells us what the matter is with us. The doctor prescribes medicine, and gives us a prescription, which we take to the chemist's, who makes up the medicine.
If you follow the doctor's orders, you get better; if you disobey the doctor, you may get worse, and even die. We must obey the doctor, if we want to get better. If we have a temperature, we must stay in bed and take the medicine he prescribes. If we cannot get better
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If we caught cold, have a splitting headache, have a clogged nose, cough, are running high temperature, we must go to the policlinic. First we come to the registry. The registry clerk on a duty asks our name, address, age and occupation. He writes out some slips because several specialists will examine us. Some of them will listen to out heart and lungs, some will check up our kidneys, liver, stomach, eyesight, and hearing. The others will make our blood analysis, take our blood pressure and x-ray us.
Our district doctor sees his patients in consulting room 4. A nurse gives us a thermometer to take our temperature. We must keep it under an armpit. Last time my temperature was 37,9. The doctor asked what my trouble was. He offered to sit down in
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Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin was born on the 9th of March, 1934. He was born in the village of Klushino in the Smolensk region.
Yuri was an active, brave and curious boy. His father was jack of all trades and he helped his son when Yura made toy planes by hand. But the war began. Yuri Gagarin and his mother, father, brother and sister left their house and had to live in a dug-out. After the war Gagarin's family moved to Gzhatsk. Now it is Gagarin. It was named after the first cosmonaut.
In 1951 Gagarin graduated from a vocational school in Lyubertsy near Moscow. Yuri Gagarin attended an aeroclub and began to fly when he wa
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William Somerset Maugham is one of the best known English writers of the 20th century. He was not only a novelist, but also a one of the most successful dramatist and short-story writers.
He was born in Paris in 1874. His parents died when he was very little and the boy was brought up by his uncle, clergyman. After his parents' death the boy was taken away from the French school which he had attended, and went for his lessons daily to the apartment of the English clergyman at the church.
At the age of ten the boy was sent to England to attend school. In 1890 he went abroad and studied at the University of Heidelberg fr
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Stratford-on-Avon, where Shakespeare was bom, is now one of the most popular tourist centres. But it was not so many years ago. In the 18th century only a few relics of Shakespeare were left - his tomb, New Place (a large house which was built in place of Shakespeare's own house), the mulberry tree that he had planted, and his birthplace.
People from London and other places came to see these relics. Most of them came to New Place where they wanted to see the famous mulberry tree in the garden.
The owner of New Place wasn't much interested in Shakespeare. He didn't like the fact that so many visitors came to his
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I would like to tell about a writer who became a symbol of the English literature.
William Shakespeare, the greatest English poet and dramatist, was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon in England.
When he was 13 he left school and began to help his father in the trade. He was glad when groups of actors visited Stratford. William watched them and decided to become an actor.
William went to London when he was about 21. He began to work in London holding the horses of those people who came to see the pl
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In the history of Great Britain there are a lot of famous names. The name of William Shakespeare is one of them.
William Shakespeare, the great English poet and dramatist, was born in 1564 in the town of Stradford-on-Avon. There were no theatres in England then. Groups of actors travelled from town to town showing performances in the street. Sometimes actors came to Stratford-on-Avon. The boy went to see all their shows and liked them very much. He wanted to became an actor.
Sometimes he wrote little plays and staged them with his friends. When he was twenty one. William went to London. There he joined a group of actors. A
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Who was that William Shakespeare of Stratford? More has been written about him than about any writer that ever lived. But while reading any biographical books about Shakespeare, we may be surprised of a large number of such sentences as "It's possible that...", "We have no trace of what Shakespeare did during this years", and so on. The facts are very few.
Shakespeare was probably born on the 23-rd of April 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. His father was a respectable shopkeeper, and dealt in wool, skins, leather and gloves. His mother, Mary Arden was a farmer's daughter. William was the eldest of eight children.
When to speak about world literature, then the name of William Shakespeare is the best to explain the real value of literature in the world of art.
William Shakespeare is generally regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist of English literature. He wrote 37 plays which continue to be read widely and produced frequently throughout the world.
Shakespeare was a master at creating a certain atmosphere of a play, its general mood or feeling. It could be melancholy, lively or frightening, tragic or mystical. The power and beauty of his language helped build the prevailing mood in each play.
William Shakespeare, the greatest and the most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was born in Stratford-on-Avon.
In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. The things that we know about Shakespeare’s life begin with the date baptized in the church of Stratford, on April 26, 1564, when he was only a few days old. So he has believed to have been born on April 23.
Though little is known about William’s childhood, there is every reason to believe that he was educated at the local Grammar school.
William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was born on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.
In sprite of his fame we know very little about his life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade. Just what William did between his fourteenth and eighteenth years isn’t known.
At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriag
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Nowadays people seem to read newspapers mostly. Many people are fond of reading detective stories or spy thrillers. I myself prefer books about politics, history, travel-books and biographies. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in the original.
As for the American writers, I like to read books by Mark Twain and O'Henry.
I enjoy reading books by such English writers as Charles Dickens, Robert Stevenson, Walter Scott. My favourite English writer is William Shakespeare, one of the most outstanding personali
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Edison is known as one of the greatest inventors of his time. He invented so much that it is difficult to say which of his achievements is the greatest. He was an experimenter and a practical man more than a theoretician.
Edison did not have any education. He went to school only for three months. Then he left it because the teacher considered him a dull boy. His mother became his teacher. The boy loved books and his mother said that he had a wonderful memory. When he first visited a public library and saw a lot of shelves with books he decided that he would know everything in the world. He measured the shelf and decided to read a foot of books every week.
The English Rock Music group "The Beatles" gave the 1960s its characteristic musical flavor and had a profound influence on the course of popular music, equaled by few performers.
The guitarists John Winston Lennon, Oct. 9, 1940; James Paul McCartney, June 18, 1942; and George Harrison, Feb. 25, 1943; and the drummer Ringo Starr, Richard Starkey, July 7, 1940, were all born and raised in Liverpool. Lennon and McCartney had played together in a group called "The Quarrymen". With Harrison, they formed their own group, "The Silver Beatles", in 1959, and Starr joined them in 1962.
Time: 399 B. C. Athens. He was 70 years old, baldheaded, with an absurd pug nose and an unkempt beard. He wore nothing but a cloak - no shoes, no shirt; no underwear. He had the merriest of dispositions, no one had ever seen him angry or unkind. He was very brave: he had served as a foot soldier in four battles.
He was a philosopher. He did nothing but talk - talk to anyone who would listen to him, in the streets and marketplaces, discussing philosophy with students or sailors, or tradesmen, questioning men about what they believed in and why always why - and how they could prove it. He met every answer with a new question, and each answer after that with another question.
Sergey Pavlovich Korolev the Founder of Practical Cosmonautics. Academician Korolev is a famous scientist and a founder of practical cosmonautics. He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships.
Korolev was born in 1906 in the small Ukrainian town of Zhitomir into a family of teachers. He spent his childhood with his grandparents in the town of Nezhin where he studied at home with a teacher. He was interested in maths, literature and he read a great deal.
In 1923 Sergey Korolev joined a Glider Pilots’ Club where he learned to construct gliders and to fly them.
Robert Burns is the national poet of Scotland. Every year on his bithday scotsmen all over the world gather together for a traditional celebration in which his memory is glorified, his poems are recited and his song are sung.
Burns poetry is loved and enjoied by all his countrymen. They love Burns for the generosity and kindness of his nature, for his patriotism and truthfulness. In his poems he sang the pride and dignity of the Scotish peasantry. Burns sang the beauty and the glory of his native land. He gloryfield true love and friendship.
Burns was born in Alloway, near Ayr, on the 25 of January, 1759. His father was a
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His father W. Burns was a hardworking farmer. He knew the value of a good education and he was determined to give his children the best schooling possible.
There were 7 children in the family and Robert was the eldest. When he was 6 his father sent him to school to Alloway. His mother's friend Betty told him many fantastic tales about devils, ghosts, fairies and witches.
At 13 he was out in the fields all day helping his father, and he studied nature closely and following the plough, he whistled and sang. In his songs he spoke of what he saw, of the woods, the fields, the valleys, of the deer, of the hare and the small
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Robert Burns, Scotland's national poet, was born on January 25, 1759 in Scotland. His father, William Burns, was a poor farmer. There were seven children in the family, and Robert was the eldest. His father knew the value of a good education, and he tried to give his children the best education he could afford Robert was sent to school at the age of six, but as his father could not pay for the two sons, Robert and his brother Gilbert attended school in turn.
Robert's mother knew many Scottish songs and ballads and often sang them to her son in his childhood. His mother's friend Betty told Robert many fantastic tales about devils, fairies and witches. Bums's mother died in 1820. She lived long and enjoyed the fame of her poet son.
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For thousands of years people's mode of life was primitive. In a short period of time a gigantic leap was made by people in science and technology to reach the present state of human development. The world knows the names of many great scientists: chemists, biologists etc.
The Russian inventors and scientists made the great contribution to the development of world science. It's almost impossible to name the branch of science in which the Russian inventors haven't played the greatest role.
M. Lomonosov was one of the most learnt men in Europe. He was an outstanding inventor both in humanities and sciences. He fo
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My favorite foreign writer is O'Henry. He was born in 1862. O'Henry is one of the most widely published American authors. His works have been translated into many languages. The best of his stories were published in books: ''Cabbages and Kings'', "The 4 million", "Heart of West" and others. His credo was - art should be true, democratic, it should address contemporary life and embrace all aspects of life.
O'Henry was an outstanding humorist. He worked out and enriched all the types of the short story: the anecdote, the adventure story, tales and sketches. He was most famous for his stories of city life. O'Henry wrote about 150 stories with a New York background.
O'Henry's real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in Greensboro, a little town in North Caroline in 1862.
O'Henry is one of the most widely published American authors. His works have been translated into nearly every language. He has been caled "the American Maupassant" and is ranked among the world's outstanding short-story writers. The best of these were published in books: "Cabbages and Kings", "The Four Million", "Heart of the West", "The Voice of the City" and others.
The works of O'Henry reflect a specific period in American literature - t
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Michael Lermontov bas born on the 15th of October 1814 in a noble family. The poet spent his youth at Tarkany. He entered Moscow University, but very soon had to leave it. Then he entered St. Petersburg School of Cavalry Cadets and finished it.
In 1837 the poet was exiled to the Caucasus for his poem on Pushkin's death in which he put all the blame for it on the ruling circles of Russia under Nicolas I. In 1841 Lermontov was sent into exile to the Caucasus for the second time. As a result of intrigues by the officers he was provoked into a personal quarrel with an old schoolfellow, which led to the duel. On July 15, 1841 the poet was killed.
Martin Luther King was a clergyman and one of the most prominent members of the civil rights movement. He was born of January 15, 1929. He became famous in the 1950 and 1960-es through opposition to racial segregation in the USA.
In 1963 he helped organize March on Washington; the march drew hundreds of thousands of civil rights supporters to Washington, D.C., for a mass rally. At this march he delivered his most celebrated speech. He stressed the importance of non-violent protest and described a possible future of racial harmony in the US. He said: "I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply routed in the American dream: I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners wil
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Mark Twain was bom in the state of Missouri in the United States in 1835 His father was an unsuccessful lawyer. The family seldom lived more than a year or two in the same town That is why the future writer did not even finish secondary school. He went to work at the age of 12.
For two years he worked for his elder brother's small newspaper both as a printer and reporter.
In 1857 he became a pilot on the Mississipi river. He continued to write.
In 1976 he wroteThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer... Читать дальше »
Margaret Thatcher was the longest Prime Minister of the 20th century. Her style and her views appealed to mane British people who had lost confidence in the welfare state and in the direction the nation had taken. In some ways she was the first genuine leader the nation had had since Churchill.
Margaret Thatcher began her career in politics, when she became a Conservative Member of Parliament. in 1979 she was elected as Britain's first woman Prime Minister.
From the start, her autocratic style earned her the nickname of "The Iron Lady". Her abrasive manner has attracted some criticism.
